32 CFR Part 170
Also known as: CMMC Program Rule
32 CFR Part 170 is the Department of Defense final rule that established the CMMC program, defining the three certification levels, the assessment regime, the senior-official affirmation requirement, and the role of C3PAOs and the CMMC Accreditation Body. It became effective December 16, 2024.
Related terms
- Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification
The Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) is the Department of Defense program that verifies whether contractors meet the cybersecurity controls already required by FAR 52.204-21 and NIST SP 800-171. It defines three certification levels and the assessment mechanism for each, established by 32 CFR Part 170 and made contractually binding by DFARS 252.204-7021.
- 48 CFR CMMC Acquisition Rule
The 48 CFR CMMC Acquisition Rule is the September 2025 DFARS amendment that added the CMMC clause (DFARS 252.204-7021) to the FAR/DFARS contract framework. It took effect November 10, 2025 and is what makes CMMC contractually enforceable rather than merely a DoD policy.
- Annual Affirmation
The annual affirmation is the electronic statement, posted in SPRS at least every 12 months by an Affirming Official under 32 CFR 170.22, that the contractor continues to meet the security requirements for its CMMC level. Knowingly false affirmations are the explicit enforcement target of the DOJ Civil Cyber-Fraud Initiative.
- CMMC Third-Party Assessment Organization
A CMMC Third-Party Assessment Organization (C3PAO) is an entity accredited by the Cyber AB to perform CMMC Level 2 assessments on behalf of DoD contractors. C3PAOs are not used at Level 1, Level 1 is exclusively self-assessed, and they are not used at Level 3, which is assessed by DIBCAC.
Read more in the Library
- 32 CFR Part 170 Explained: The CMMC Program Rule in Plain English (2026)
32 CFR Part 170 is the rule that made CMMC real. Here's exactly what it requires of a Level 1 contractor, without the legalese.
- CMMC Level 1: The Complete 2026 Guide for Small DoD Contractors
The single page to read first. What CMMC Level 1 is, who it applies to, what's actually required, what it costs, and the fastest honest path through it in 2026.